Types of concrete Wikipedia. There are many types of concrete, designed to suit a variety or purposes coupled with a range of compositions, finishes and performance characteristics. Regular concrete paving blocks. Concrete in sidewalk stamped with contractor name and date it was laid. Western Wood Products Association, representing Western lumber manufacturers. Roofing Material Specifications and Details Division 7 Weve Got the Highest Technology to Stop the Smallest Leak FOURTH EDITION. Mix designeditModern concrete mix designs can be complex. The choice of a concrete mix depends on the need of the project both in terms of strength and appearance and in relation to local legislation and building codes. Nanny Mania 4 Full Version. The design begins by determining the requirements of the concrete. These requirements take into consideration the weather conditions that the concrete will be exposed to in service, and the required design strength. The compressive strength of a concrete is determined by taking standard molded, standard cured cylinder samples. Many factors need to be taken into account, from the cost of the various additives and aggregates, to the trade offs between the slump for easy mixing and placement and ultimate performance. A mix is then designed using cement Portland or other cementitious material, coarse and fine aggregates, water and chemical admixtures. The method of mixing will also be specified, as well as conditions that it may be used in. This allows a user of the concrete to be confident that the structure will perform properly. Concrete Repair Method Statement Pdf' title='Concrete Repair Method Statement Pdf' />Various types of concrete have been developed for specialist application and have become known by these names. Concrete mixes can also be designed using software programs. Such software provides the user an opportunity to select their preferred method of mix design and enter the material data to arrive at proper mix designs. Old concrete recipeseditConcrete has been used since ancient times. Regular Roman concrete for example was made from volcanic ash pozzolana, and hydrated lime. Roman concrete was superior to other concrete recipes for example, those consisting of only sand and lime1 used by other nations. Besides volcanic ash for making regular Roman concrete, brick dust can also be utilized. Besides regular Roman concrete, the Romans also invented hydraulic concrete, which they made from volcanic ash and clay. Modern concreteeditRegular concrete is the lay term for concrete that is produced by following the mixing instructions that are commonly published on packets of cement, typically using sand or other common material as the aggregate, and often mixed in improvised containers. The ingredients in any particular mix depends on the nature of the application. Regular concrete can typically withstand a pressure from about 1. MPa 1. 45. 0 psi to 4. MPa 5. 80. 0 psi, with lighter duty uses such as blinding concrete having a much lower MPa rating than structural concrete. Many types of pre mixed concrete are available which include powdered cement mixed with an aggregate, needing only water. Concrete Repair Method Statement Pdf' title='Concrete Repair Method Statement Pdf' />Typically, a batch of concrete can be made by using 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts dry sand, 3 parts dry stone, 12 part water. The parts are in terms of weight not volume. Concrete Repair Method Statement Pdf' title='Concrete Repair Method Statement Pdf' />For example, 1 cubic foot 0. This would make 1 cubic foot 0. The sand should be mortar or brick sand washed and filtered if possible and the stone should be washed if possible. Organic materials leaves, twigs, etc. High strength concreteeditHigh strength concrete has a compressive strength greater than 4. MPa 5. 80. 0 psi. In the UK, BS EN 2. High strength concrete as concrete with a compressive strength class higher than C5. High strength concrete is made by lowering the water cement WC ratio to 0. Often silica fume is added to prevent the formation of free calcium hydroxide crystals in the cement matrix, which might reduce the strength at the cement aggregate bond. Low WC ratios and the use of silica fume make concrete mixes significantly less workable, which is particularly likely to be a problem in high strength concrete applications where dense rebar cages are likely to be used. To compensate for the reduced workability, superplasticizers are commonly added to high strength mixtures. Aggregate must be selected carefully for high strength mixes, as weaker aggregates may not be strong enough to resist the loads imposed on the concrete and cause failure to start in the aggregate rather than in the matrix or at a void, as normally occurs in regular concrete. In some applications of high strength concrete the design criterion is the elastic modulus rather than the ultimate compressive strength. Stamped concreteeditStamped concrete is an architectural concrete that has a superior surface finish. After a concrete floor has been laid, floor hardeners can be pigmented are impregnated on the surface and a mold that may be textured to replicate a stone brick or even wood is stamped on to give an attractive textured surface finish. After sufficient hardening, the surface is cleaned and generally sealed to provide protection. The wear resistance of stamped concrete is generally excellent and hence found in applications like parking lots, pavements, walkways etc. High performance concreteeditHigh performance concrete HPC is a relatively new term for concrete that conforms to a set of standards above those of the most common applications, but not limited to strength. While all high strength concrete is also high performance, not all high performance concrete is high strength. Some examples of such standards currently used in relation to HPC are Ease of placement. Compaction without segregation. Early age strength. Long term mechanical properties. Permeability. Density. Heat of hydration. Toughness. Volume stability. Long life in severe environments. Depending on its implementation, environmental3Ultra high performance concreteeditUltra high performance concrete is a new type of concrete that is being developed by agencies concerned with infrastructure protection. UHPC is characterized by being a steel fibre reinforced cement composite material with compressive strengths in excess of 1. MPa, up to and possibly exceeding 2. MPa. 456 UHPC is also characterized by its constituent material make up typically fine grained sand, silica fume, small steel fibers, and special blends of high strength Portland cement. Note that there is no large aggregate. The current types in production Ductal, Taktl, etc. Lexmark 1200 Xp 64 Drivers more. Ongoing research into UHPC failure via tensile and shear failure is being conducted by multiple government agencies and universities around the world. Micro reinforced ultra high performance concreteeditMicro reinforced ultra high performance concrete is the next generation of UHPC. In addition to high compressive strength, durability and abrasion resistance of UHPC, micro reinforced UHPC is characterized by extreme ductility, energy absorption and resistance to chemicals, water and temperature. The continuous, multi layered, three dimensional micro steel mesh exceeds UHPC in durability, ductility and strength. The performance of the discontinuous and scattered fibers in UHPC is relatively unpredictable. Micro reinforced UHPC is used in blast, ballistic and earthquake resistant construction, structural and architectural overlays, and complex facades.